Turkish Air Force Curtiss Hawk II fighter (opening-stock lower bound)

A conservative one-fighter lower bound. A peer-reviewed study based on Turkish state and U.S. archival records says that 24 Hawk II fighters had been completed/assembled at Kayseri and assigned to the 53rd and 54th Fighter Squadrons by 24 May 1934, with seven further Hawks completed before the end of 1934. This is documented pre-opening operational unit assignment, not a 1936 numerical readiness return. The reviewed mapping is fighter.