绿松石行动

Operation Turquoise, launched by France in late June 1994, was the most consequential late-stage foreign military intervention during the Rwanda genocide. Authorized as a humanitarian operation, it entered Rwanda after much of the killing had already unfolded and while the Rwandan Patriotic Front was nearing military victory. The operation sits at the intersection of humanitarian language, great-power influence, late intervention, and the contested politics of who was being protected in the war's closing phase. Operation Turquoise cannot be read in one moral register. Supporters frame it as a necessary effort to create safer zones for civilians when little else was being done. Critics argue that it came too late, reflected France's prior alignment in Rwanda, and complicated accountability by shaping the final movement of actors tied to the genocidal regime.