伊扎特·易卜拉欣·杜里

Izzat Ibrahim al-Douri connects two distinct phases of Iraqi conflict that are often treated separately: the power structure of Baathist Iraq before 2003 and the persistence of armed regime remnants after the fall of Saddam Hussein. His significance lies not in charismatic public leadership but in the way a long-serving deputy can embody the continuity of a coercive political order before and after its formal collapse. This makes al-Douri more than a regime lieutenant. Authoritarian war states preserve themselves through loyal inner circles, and those same networks can reappear inside insurgency once the state is shattered. Al-Douri's role links him to Saddam's internal power system, the Iran-Iraq and Gulf War era, and the insurgent afterlife of Baathist military-political structures.