努里·卡米尔·穆罕默德·哈桑·马利基

Nouri Kamil Mohammed Hasan al-Maliki was one of the central political figures through whom post-2003 Iraq's state was rebuilt, securitized, and ultimately destabilized. His premiership connected counterinsurgency, de-Baathification, Shi'i political consolidation, and the struggle to hold together a state fractured by occupation, civil war, and militia competition. He was historically central not by ending conflict, but by shaping the institutions and exclusions that determine what form the next conflict will take. Al-Maliki was associated with the sectarian restructuring of Iraqi power after the U.S. invasion, the temporary security gains of the surge period, and the political centralization and Sunni alienation that weakened the Iraqi state before the ISIS offensive. His rule exemplified how postwar state-building can generate a coercive order that is durable enough to dominate rivals for a time yet brittle enough to fracture under renewed pressure.