Pakistani Il-78s spotted in China during arms transfers

Several Pakistan Air Force Ilyushin Il-78 aircraft were spotted at an airfield in China’s Sichuan province on January 19–20, according to photographs that surfaced online and were reviewed by regional observers.

The aircraft, including one carrying the registration number R11-003, were seen on the ground and during departure from the base, indicating a temporary presence rather than a routine overflight. The images show Il-78 tankers positioned near ground support vehicles and personnel, consistent with a logistics stop or unloading operation.

The Il-78 is a long-range military tanker aircraft designed for aerial refueling and heavy transport missions. In Pakistan Air Force service, the platform is also used for strategic airlift of equipment and supplies during overseas deployments and bilateral military cooperation activities.

The presence of multiple Il-78 aircraft at a Chinese base points to an active logistics movement between Pakistan and China, two countries that maintain a long-standing defense partnership involving aircraft, missiles, naval systems, and joint development programs.

Chinese observers indicated that the cargo may have included PL-15E long-range air-to-air missiles or YJ-21E hypersonic anti-ship missiles.

Photographs taken at the airfield show one Il-78 with its rear cargo area open while ground vehicles and personnel operated nearby, suggesting cargo handling activity. The aircraft were later photographed departing the base, indicating that the stop was time-limited and mission-specific.

Pakistan operates a small fleet of Il-78 tankers, making their appearance abroad a noticeable development. The aircraft are typically reserved for high-priority missions, including long-range deployments, refueling support for fighter operations, and transport of sensitive or heavy equipment.

Sichuan province hosts several major People’s Liberation Army Air Force facilities and is a known hub for aerospace testing, logistics, and strategic support operations. The region has also been associated with missile forces, aviation industry centers, and air defense units, making it a frequent destination for military transport aircraft involved in joint activities.

Pakistan and China have expanded their military cooperation in recent years through regular air force exercises, technology transfers, and arms deals. The Pakistan Air Force already operates Chinese-made platforms such as the JF-17 fighter, ZDK-03 airborne early warning aircraft, and HQ-9/P air defense systems, while both sides conduct frequent training missions under bilateral frameworks.