Analysis & Reports

The Royal Australian Navy's Collins-class submarines, in service since the 1990s, have faced significant construction and design issues, including defective welds and a delayed combat system. The AUKUS program aims to replace these aging submarines with new Virginia-class submarines, but ongoing delays have forced reliance on the Collins-class. Maintenance and repairs have quadrupled the time spent in dock due to these issues.

The U.S. secretly sold over 1,500 TOW anti-tank missiles and Hawk missile components to Iran between 1985 and 1986 as part of an arms-for-hostages initiative. This operation aimed to secure the release of American hostages held by Iran-backed groups in Lebanon, violating a U.S. arms embargo. The scandal surrounding these sales contributed to the Iran-Contra Affair, revealing illegal funding activities for Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

The 1st Armored Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division in Detroit is preparing to test four prototypes of the new M1E3 Abrams tank and XM30 Infantry Fighting Vehicle by the end of the calendar year. The M1E3 is designed to enhance lethality, survivability, and mobility, featuring a hybrid-electric engine and an unmanned turret. The XM30 is expected to increase lethality with its 50 mm cannon and also includes an unmanned turret.

Iran maintained its fleet of 225 F-4 Phantom fighters from before the 1979 revolution through cannibalization and clandestine procurement. Despite significant attrition and operational challenges, the F-4s remained a valuable long-range strike capability during the Iran-Iraq War. By the 2020s, many F-4s were no longer credible against modern air forces and were primarily used for parts, with some destroyed in Israeli air strikes in 2025.

Canada is negotiating to purchase 12 German Type 212CD submarines for the Royal Canadian Navy as part of a military modernization program. The contracting process is expected to be completed by the end of 2027. This procurement aims to enhance Canada's submarine capabilities amid increasing Arctic tensions and is part of a broader effort to diversify defense systems away from reliance on the United States.

The U.S. Navy considered converting Iowa-class battleships into aircraft carriers and hybrid battlecarriers during World War II and the Cold War. Proposals included modifications for VSTOL aircraft and missile silos, but these plans were ultimately deemed impractical and too costly. The Iowa-class battleships were designed with aircraft catapults for spotting missions, but the conversion concepts were never realized.

The US Army canceled the M1A2 Abrams SEPv4 program in September 2023 after spending $400.83 million on seven prototype tanks that were never operational. The decision was influenced by concerns over weight and logistical challenges associated with the tank's design. The Army plans to incorporate some SEPv4 technologies into the new M1E3 tank program.

The Royal Navy planned to develop the CVA-01 aircraft carrier in 1959, designed to support modern naval aviation with a capacity for 18 F-4 Phantom fighters. However, the project was canceled in 1966 amid economic difficulties and a shift in military strategy, marking a significant decline in Britain's naval power.

Algeria transferred four military helicopters, including two Mi-24V and two Mi-171, to Niger on August 9, 2026, marking the first direct military aid to a Sahel junta. This transfer, which doubles Niger's air support capacity, was officially received by General Salifou Mainassara. The move is part of Algeria's strategy to enhance regional security and normalize relations with Niger.

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The Indian Ministry of Defence has issued a tender for the procurement of 60 medium transport aircraft for the Indian Air Force, valued at nearly 1 trillion rupees. This initiative aims to replace the aging An-32 fleet, which has been operational for about 40 years. The new aircraft will also undertake some tasks currently performed by the Il-76 fleet. Major competitors for the contract include Airbus A400M, Embraer C390, and Lockheed Martin C-130J.

AEVEX is acquiring BlackSea Technologies for up to $650 million to enhance its capabilities in unmanned surface and undersea vessels. The acquisition, set to close in September, aims to expand customer access to the Navy and allied partners. BlackSea Technologies is known for its Global Autonomous Reconnaissance Craft (GARC), which the Navy is currently experimenting with.

The US Army canceled the M10 Booker light tank program in June 2025 after investing $2.616 billion and producing 80 vehicles. The vehicles are now in storage, with no operational capability established. The M10 Booker was intended to support infantry but was deemed unsuitable for deployment, and a final disposition plan for the vehicles has not been determined.

DARPA is developing the Next-Generation Hypersonic Cruise Missile (NGHCM) to enhance the range, speed, and altitude of hypersonic weapons. This initiative aims to address the U.S. military's lag in hypersonic capabilities compared to rivals like Russia and China. The Hypersonic Attack Cruise Missile (HACM) is set for production next year, while the Air-Launched Rapid Response Weapon (ARRW) is also under development. The focus is on creating advanced, stealthy hypersonic systems that can penetrate enemy defenses effectively.

Lockheed Martin completed the first integrated live-fire test of its Kodiak containerised launcher at Yakima Training Centre. This marks a significant milestone in the development of the Kodiak system, which is designed for military applications.

DARPA awarded funding to Qunnect to advance quantum networking technology, specifically the Carina solution, which aims to enable reliable quantum data transmission. This initiative is part of a broader effort to develop a viable quantum internet and has garnered increased federal interest due to its potential military applications. The project addresses key challenges in quantum data transmission, including environmental noise and maintaining entanglement.

Satellite imagery confirmed damage to the Russian frigates Admiral Essen and Admiral Makarov at Novorossiysk on August 12, 2023, following a Ukrainian strike. The damage primarily affects the Kalibr missile launchers, although the severity remains undetermined. Ukrainian forces reported hitting four Russian warships during the operation, indicating ongoing military engagement in the Black Sea region.

AEVEX Corp. reported a revenue of $201.8 million for the second quarter of 2026, nearly doubling from the previous year, and announced plans to acquire BlackSea Technologies for up to $650 million. The acquisition aims to enhance AEVEX's capabilities in autonomous systems, with significant growth attributed to its Tactical Systems segment. The company secured multiple contracts with the U.S. Air Force, totaling over $50 million, and expects to convert a large portion of its backlog into revenue within the next year.

The USS Enterprise (CVN-65) is undergoing decommissioning and dismantling at Newport News, Virginia, with a total cost of $1,431,497,668. The dismantling contract was awarded on July 15, 2026, and involves significant logistical challenges due to the carrier's eight nuclear reactors. The carrier was decommissioned in February 2017, and the Navy has budgeted additional funds for the inactivation of the USS Nimitz.

Rafael Advanced Defense Systems unveiled the 'Light Hunter', a new drone-killing system, in a secret show. This system aims to address the growing threat from armed FPV drones. Details about the event and the system's capabilities were not disclosed.

Israel conducted military operations using its F-35I Adir stealth fighters in Iran during 2025 and 2026, achieving air superiority without reported losses. The Israeli Air Force utilized these aircraft for airstrikes, surveillance, and missile detection, demonstrating their advanced capabilities. Plans are in place to expand the fleet from 48 to 100 aircraft, reflecting lessons learned from recent conflicts.