Cabo Verde
🇨🇻Republic of Cabo Verde
Cabo Verde defense profile covering Atlantic geography, maritime security, disaster resilience, external shocks, governance capacity, and source limits.
| Demographics | |
| Population, Total | 524.88K persons (2024) |
| Population Growth Rate | 0.49% (2024) |
| Urban Population Ratio | 76.77% (2024) |
| Working Age Population | 67.59% (2024) |
| Literacy Rate | 88.47% (2024) |
| Life Expectancy | 76.06 years (2023) |
| Defense | |
| Military Expenditure | 16.83M current US$ (2024) |
| Military Expenditure Ratio | 0.62 % of GDP (2024) |
| Military | |
| Military Branches | Cabo Verdean Armed Forces (FACV): National Guard (GN), Cabo Verde Coast Guard (Guardia Costeira de Cabo Verde, GCCV) (2025) text (2025) |
| Military Service Age | 17 years (2025) |
| Active Military Personnel | the FACV has approximately 1,000-1,500 active personnel (2025) count (2025) |
| Military Equipment Overview | the FACV has a limited amount of mostly dated or secondhand equipment, largely from China, some European countries, and the former Soviet Union (2025) text (2025) |
| Conscription System | 17 text (2025) |
| Economy | |
| GDP (Nominal) | 2.73B current US$ (2024) |
| GDP (PPP) | 5.88B current international $ (2024) |
| GDP Per Capita | 5,192.48 current US$ (2024) |
| GDP Growth Rate | 7.24% (2024) |
| Inflation Rate | 1.05% (2024) |
| Foreign Reserves | 783.11M current US$ (2024) |
| Trade Balance | -313.64M current US$ (2024) |
| Industry | |
| Manufacturing Value Added | 140.03M current US$ (2024) |
| Industry GDP Ratio | 10.67 % of GDP (2024) |
| Manufacturing GDP Ratio | 5.14 % of GDP (2024) |
| Natural Resources | salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum text |
| Technology | |
| Patent Applications | 1 applications (2021) |
| High-Tech Exports | 73,876 current US$ (2023) |
| Internet Penetration | 73.54% (2023) |
| Infrastructure | |
| Air Transport Passengers | 71,784.4 passengers (2023) |
| Electricity Access | 98.60% (2023) |
| Total Area | 4,033 km² |
| Land Area | 4,033 km² |
| Water Area | 0 km² |
| Land Boundaries | 0 km |
| Coastline | 965 km |
| Irrigated Land | 35 km² (2012) |
| Merchant Marine | 44 count (2023) |
| Electricity Capacity | 200,000 kW (2023) |
| Electricity - Fossil Fuel | 71.10% (2023) |
| Electricity - Solar | 14.20% (2023) |
| Electricity - Wind | 14.60% (2023) |
| Electricity Consumption | 400 kWh (2023) |
| Other Statistics | |
| Terrain | steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic text |
| Climate | temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic text |
| Natural Hazards | prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active volcanism: Fogo (2,829 m), which last erupted in 1995, is Cabo Verde's only active volcano text |
| Government Type | parliamentary republic text |
| Capital | Praia text |
| Legal System | civil law system of Portugal text |
| Administrative Divisions | 22 text |
| Internet Country Code | .cv text |
Cabo Verde's location makes maritime security, ports, air links, and external partnerships central to its defense profile.
Cabo Verde's position in the central Atlantic gives it strategic relevance for maritime routes, air connections, fisheries, migration management, and regional cooperation.
The country's security institutions are small, so effectiveness depends on surveillance, coast guard work, port security, and cooperation with international partners rather than independent large-scale operations.
Cabo Verde's security capacity is tied to fiscal resilience, administrative quality, and the ability to absorb external shocks.
As a small island economy, Cabo Verde has to manage security priorities under resource constraints. Public finance, institutional planning, and service delivery shape how well the state can prepare for crises.
Economic diversification and resilience to external shocks matter because tourism disruption, energy costs, or disasters can quickly reduce the fiscal space needed for security and recovery.
The main security pressure points are maritime trafficking, illegal fishing, search and rescue, and port protection.
Cabo Verde's geography places maritime enforcement at the center of national defense. Illegal fishing, trafficking routes, search and rescue, and protection of port infrastructure require sustained monitoring across scattered islands.
Because the operational area is large compared with national resources, external cooperation and information sharing are essential parts of the country's security model.
Climate-related shocks can affect water, food systems, tourism, infrastructure, and local livelihoods.
Cabo Verde faces climate and disaster risks including drought, flooding, coastal stress, and pressure on water systems. These hazards can disrupt households, transport, tourism, and public finances.
For security analysis, resilience policy is not peripheral. It determines whether a small state can keep basic services functioning after repeated shocks.
Cabo Verde is a maritime-resilience state with limited public readiness data.
Open sources describe Cabo Verde's disaster risk, development constraints, and geography well. They provide less detail on current patrol patterns, readiness levels, and classified maritime cooperation.
Cabo Verde is best framed through maritime security, external partnerships, and resilience to climate and economic shocks rather than through conventional combat comparisons.
Cabo Verde relies on external ties, regional cooperation, and diaspora-linked resilience to extend a small defense footprint.
For Cabo Verde, security capacity is amplified by outside relationships. Regional cooperation, diaspora ties, trade connections, and technical assistance help a small state monitor maritime space and recover from shocks.
This kind of support matters because a thin island defense posture cannot be measured only by force size. The real question is whether the state can pull in resources, information, and assistance quickly enough to stay functional under stress.
Cabo Verde's defense importance lies in patrol reach, disaster response, and the ability to keep island governance functioning under stress.
Cabo Verde matters as a small state because it has to turn limited resources into wide-area maritime governance and climate resilience. The operational challenge is not mass force but reliable coverage, coordination, and continuity.
Cabo Verde's geography generates security relevance, positioning it as a case of resilience-driven defense rather than a mere island profile.
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