Cabo Verde

🇨🇻

Republic of Cabo Verde

CPV
2
Belligerents
Overview

Cabo Verde defense profile covering Atlantic geography, maritime security, disaster resilience, external shocks, governance capacity, and source limits.

Belligerents & Organizations
Country Statistics
Demographics
Population, Total524.88K persons (2024)
Population Growth Rate0.49% (2024)
Urban Population Ratio76.77% (2024)
Working Age Population67.59% (2024)
Literacy Rate88.47% (2024)
Life Expectancy76.06 years (2023)
Defense
Military Expenditure16.83M current US$ (2024)
Military Expenditure Ratio0.62 % of GDP (2024)
Military
Military BranchesCabo Verdean Armed Forces (FACV): National Guard (GN), Cabo Verde Coast Guard (Guardia Costeira de Cabo Verde, GCCV) (2025) text (2025)
Military Service Age17 years (2025)
Active Military Personnelthe FACV has approximately 1,000-1,500 active personnel (2025) count (2025)
Military Equipment Overviewthe FACV has a limited amount of mostly dated or secondhand equipment, largely from China, some European countries, and the former Soviet Union (2025) text (2025)
Conscription System17 text (2025)
Economy
GDP (Nominal)2.73B current US$ (2024)
GDP (PPP)5.88B current international $ (2024)
GDP Per Capita5,192.48 current US$ (2024)
GDP Growth Rate7.24% (2024)
Inflation Rate1.05% (2024)
Foreign Reserves783.11M current US$ (2024)
Trade Balance-313.64M current US$ (2024)
Industry
Manufacturing Value Added140.03M current US$ (2024)
Industry GDP Ratio10.67 % of GDP (2024)
Manufacturing GDP Ratio5.14 % of GDP (2024)
Natural Resourcessalt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum text
Technology
Patent Applications1 applications (2021)
High-Tech Exports73,876 current US$ (2023)
Internet Penetration73.54% (2023)
Infrastructure
Air Transport Passengers71,784.4 passengers (2023)
Electricity Access98.60% (2023)
Total Area4,033 km²
Land Area4,033 km²
Water Area0 km²
Land Boundaries0 km
Coastline965 km
Irrigated Land35 km² (2012)
Merchant Marine44 count (2023)
Electricity Capacity200,000 kW (2023)
Electricity - Fossil Fuel71.10% (2023)
Electricity - Solar14.20% (2023)
Electricity - Wind14.60% (2023)
Electricity Consumption400 kWh (2023)
Other Statistics
Terrainsteep, rugged, rocky, volcanic text
Climatetemperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic text
Natural Hazardsprolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active volcanism: Fogo (2,829 m), which last erupted in 1995, is Cabo Verde's only active volcano text
Government Typeparliamentary republic text
CapitalPraia text
Legal Systemcivil law system of Portugal text
Administrative Divisions22 text
Internet Country Code.cv text
Atlantic Island Security Position
Strategic Context

Cabo Verde's location makes maritime security, ports, air links, and external partnerships central to its defense profile.

Cabo Verde's position in the central Atlantic gives it strategic relevance for maritime routes, air connections, fisheries, migration management, and regional cooperation.

The country's security institutions are small, so effectiveness depends on surveillance, coast guard work, port security, and cooperation with international partners rather than independent large-scale operations.

CIA World Factbook, 2026World Bank, 2023
Governance and Resource Constraints
Governance Security

Cabo Verde's security capacity is tied to fiscal resilience, administrative quality, and the ability to absorb external shocks.

As a small island economy, Cabo Verde has to manage security priorities under resource constraints. Public finance, institutional planning, and service delivery shape how well the state can prepare for crises.

Economic diversification and resilience to external shocks matter because tourism disruption, energy costs, or disasters can quickly reduce the fiscal space needed for security and recovery.

World Bank, 2023World Bank, 2022
Maritime Enforcement and Transnational Risk
Regional Flashpoints

The main security pressure points are maritime trafficking, illegal fishing, search and rescue, and port protection.

Cabo Verde's geography places maritime enforcement at the center of national defense. Illegal fishing, trafficking routes, search and rescue, and protection of port infrastructure require sustained monitoring across scattered islands.

Because the operational area is large compared with national resources, external cooperation and information sharing are essential parts of the country's security model.

CIA World Factbook, 2026World Bank, 2023
Drought, Flooding, and Climate Stress
Civilian Impact

Climate-related shocks can affect water, food systems, tourism, infrastructure, and local livelihoods.

Cabo Verde faces climate and disaster risks including drought, flooding, coastal stress, and pressure on water systems. These hazards can disrupt households, transport, tourism, and public finances.

For security analysis, resilience policy is not peripheral. It determines whether a small state can keep basic services functioning after repeated shocks.

World Bank, 2022World Bank Climate Change Knowledge Portal, 2026
Cabo Verde
Assessment Notes

Cabo Verde is a maritime-resilience state with limited public readiness data.

Open sources describe Cabo Verde's disaster risk, development constraints, and geography well. They provide less detail on current patrol patterns, readiness levels, and classified maritime cooperation.

Cabo Verde is best framed through maritime security, external partnerships, and resilience to climate and economic shocks rather than through conventional combat comparisons.

World Bank, 2022World Bank, 2023CIA World Factbook, 2026
Diaspora and External Support
External Partnerships

Cabo Verde relies on external ties, regional cooperation, and diaspora-linked resilience to extend a small defense footprint.

For Cabo Verde, security capacity is amplified by outside relationships. Regional cooperation, diaspora ties, trade connections, and technical assistance help a small state monitor maritime space and recover from shocks.

This kind of support matters because a thin island defense posture cannot be measured only by force size. The real question is whether the state can pull in resources, information, and assistance quickly enough to stay functional under stress.

World Bank, 2023CIA World Factbook, 2026
Maritime Governance and Resilience
Regional Legacy

Cabo Verde's defense importance lies in patrol reach, disaster response, and the ability to keep island governance functioning under stress.

Cabo Verde matters as a small state because it has to turn limited resources into wide-area maritime governance and climate resilience. The operational challenge is not mass force but reliable coverage, coordination, and continuity.

Cabo Verde's geography generates security relevance, positioning it as a case of resilience-driven defense rather than a mere island profile.

World Bank, 2022World Bank, 2023CIA World Factbook, 2026
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