The Juliett class was a Soviet diesel-electric cruise missile submarine class developed before nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines became common. It was intended to attack major naval targets and shore objectives using large cruise missiles carried in prominent deck launchers.
Juliett submarines carried P-5/P-6 family cruise missiles and relied on external targeting support for long-range anti-ship missions. The missile system required surfacing or exposed launch procedures, making the class less survivable than later submerged-launch nuclear boats. Still, the design represented a serious early attempt to threaten carrier groups from submarines.
Juliett-class boats served through the Cold War and several later became museum or display submarines. Their significance is developmental: they show the Soviet path from conventional submarine missile carriers toward nuclear-powered, submerged-launch cruise missile submarines.
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