Analysis & Reports

The U.S. and Iran are engaged in intense mutual attacks, with Trump announcing a pause in strikes against Iran's power stations. Diplomatic dialogues are ongoing, but Iran's parliamentary speaker denied any negotiations with the U.S. Meanwhile, Iran has launched attacks against Israel, indicating escalating tensions in the region.

Iranian President Pezeshkian stated that the U.S. and Israel must cease their aggressive actions to end the ongoing conflict in the region during a phone call with Indian Prime Minister Modi on March 21, 2023. Modi expressed deep concern over the escalating tensions and condemned any attacks on regional energy infrastructure, emphasizing the need for peace and security in the area.

India expressed interest in joining one of the two ongoing European sixth-generation fighter programs, namely the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) and the Future Combat Air System (FCAS). The Indian Ministry of Defence aims to enhance its air capabilities and is considering collaboration with one of the consortia. However, existing partners may be reluctant to allow India to join the development programs.

Sri Lanka rejected the landing request of two U.S. military aircraft at Mattala Airport on March 20, 2023, citing its neutral policy. President Dissanayake emphasized that the country will maintain its neutrality and not yield to external pressures. Additionally, Sri Lanka declined a prior request from Iran for naval vessels to visit.

The Afghan and Pakistani governments announced a temporary ceasefire during Eid al-Fitr, effective from midnight on the 18th to midnight on the 23rd. This decision was made in response to requests from Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and Turkey. Both nations emphasized their readiness to respond strongly to any cross-border attacks during this period. The international community has welcomed this development.

The Afghan government announced a ceasefire against Pakistan during Eid al-Fitr, effective from midnight on March 18, 2023. The Pakistani government confirmed it would halt attacks on Afghanistan during the same period. The ceasefire follows recent border clashes that escalated tensions between the two countries. Eid al-Fitr celebrations in Afghanistan begin on March 19, while Pakistan's are expected to start on March 21.

India secured the safe transit of two Indian flagged carriers carrying liquified petroleum gas through the Strait of Hormuz on Saturday. This action follows intensified diplomatic engagement by New Delhi to ensure energy imports amid regional tensions. Indian officials are also negotiating for the safe passage of 22 additional vessels stranded west of the strait, highlighting India's strategic interests in the area.

The global arms trade has increased by 9.2% over the past five years, driven primarily by European demand, particularly in response to the threat from Russia. European countries now account for 33% of global arms imports, with significant contributions from the U.S. and Germany. Germany has emerged as the fourth largest arms exporter, with a substantial portion of its exports directed to Ukraine. Meanwhile, Russia's arms exports have sharply declined due to the ongoing conflict and international pressure.

China's People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) officially adopted the J-35A stealth fighter in late 2024, designed for air combat operations. In June 2025, Pakistan became the first overseas buyer of the J-35A, which features a twin-engine design and a combat radius of 750 miles. The J-35A is marketed to nations restricted from acquiring the U.S. F-35 fighter.

Two Iranian warships docked in Kochi, India, and Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, following the sinking of the Iris Dena by a U.S. submarine on March 4th, 2023. The incident raised concerns about the expansion of U.S.-Israeli military operations against Iran beyond the Persian Gulf. Both India and Sri Lanka characterized their actions as humanitarian, while the U.S. emphasized its military capabilities in the region.

Two Iranian warships docked in Kochi, India, and Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, following the sinking of the Iris Dena by a U.S. submarine on March 4th, 2023. The Iranian Navy's vessels sought refuge after the incident, which raised concerns about the potential expansion of U.S.-Israeli military operations against Iran. Both India and Sri Lanka characterized their decisions to allow the ships to dock as humanitarian gestures.

On March 4, three Australian submariners were aboard a U.S. Navy submarine that torpedoed an enemy combatant off Sri Lanka, marking a significant military action. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed their presence but emphasized that they did not engage in offensive actions against Iran. The incident raises questions about Australia's involvement in military operations amid the AUKUS alliance, which aims to enhance Australia's naval capabilities.

On March 4, three Australian submariners were aboard a U.S. Navy submarine that torpedoed an enemy combatant off Sri Lanka, marking a significant military action. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed their presence but emphasized that they did not engage in offensive actions against Iran. The incident raises political concerns regarding Australia's involvement in military operations linked to the AUKUS alliance.

The U.S. Navy sank the Iranian warship IRIS Dena with a torpedo in the Indian Ocean on March 4. Iran claims the vessel was unarmed and returning from a naval exercise, while the U.S. disputes this assertion. The Sri Lankan navy rescued 32 sailors and recovered 87 bodies from the incident, which has escalated tensions between the two nations.

The U.S. Navy sank the Iranian warship IRIS Dena with a torpedo in the Indian Ocean on March 4. Iran claims the vessel was unarmed and returning from a naval exercise, while the U.S. disputes this assertion. Following the attack, 32 sailors were rescued, and 87 bodies were recovered, intensifying tensions between the two nations regarding the incident.

The U.S. Marine Corps has decided to retain the M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle for its close combat formations, prioritizing its suitability for amphibious operations over the Army's M7 Next Generation Squad Weapon. This decision reflects the Marines' focus on weight and sustained fire capabilities. The Corps will continue to monitor the M7's development for potential future requirements.

Iran requested India to allow three of its naval ships to dock at Indian ports, which India approved on March 1, 2023. One ship docked at Kochi on March 4, 2023, and its crew is currently housed in Indian naval facilities. This request was made in the context of a recent incident involving an Iranian naval ship being attacked.

U.S. military veterans are experiencing significant mental health challenges, including PTSD and traumatic brain injuries, as highlighted by studies and expert opinions. The perception of stigma remains a major barrier to seeking care. President Trump has indicated that ground troops may be deployed in Iran, raising concerns about the mental health impacts of ongoing military engagements. The VA provides resources for veterans, but many still struggle to find peace after their service in Iraq and Afghanistan.

India's Ministry of Defence signed a $238 million contract with Russia on March 3, 2024, to procure ship-based vertical launch surface-to-air missiles for the Indian Navy's Shtil-1 air defense system. The deal will supply missiles for four frigates, enhancing their capability to counter aerial threats. This acquisition is part of India's broader strategy to modernize its naval forces and maintain a capable blue-water navy.

President Trump awarded the Medal of Honor to three soldiers on Monday for their acts of valor in World War II, Vietnam, and Afghanistan. Roddie Edmonds and Michael Ollis received the award posthumously, while Terry Richardson was recognized for his bravery during a reconnaissance mission. The ceremony highlights the sacrifices made by these service members in defense of their country.