The MGM-31B Pershing II was a U.S. road-mobile, solid-fueled medium-range ballistic missile deployed in Europe during the 1980s. It was designed to replace Pershing 1A with greater range, accuracy, and strategic effect against Warsaw Pact targets.
Pershing II combined a two-stage solid motor with a maneuvering reentry vehicle and radar-area correlation guidance. This gave the missile far better accuracy than earlier theater nuclear systems and made it a central military and political issue in the late Cold War missile balance.
The missile is historically important because it helped drive the Euromissile crisis and was eliminated under the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. Its career shows how theater-range nuclear systems can create strategic pressure even when they are not intercontinental weapons.
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