Analysis & Reports

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy dismissed Mykhailo Fedorov as Minister of Defense in a significant government shake-up. This decision followed the resignation of Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko and has raised concerns about the potential impact on ongoing military efforts. Fedorov, who served for six months, highlighted his accomplishments in military reforms and drone procurement in his farewell message. Ihor Klymenko has been suggested as a possible successor.

Gen. Chance Saltzman of the U.S. Space Force announced his retirement next month during the Global Air and Space Chiefs’ Conference in London. He urged support for the Space Force's budget amid congressional resistance to fully fund requested programs. The White House has requested $1.15 trillion for defense, with only $60 billion likely to be approved for Space Force initiatives, which include critical missile defense and space capabilities.

Jay Clayton, President Trump's nominee for director of national intelligence, faced intense questioning from the U.S. Senate Intelligence Committee regarding his views on the 2020 election and election security. He emphasized that the ODNI should focus on foreign threats, while senators expressed concerns about the politicization of intelligence. Clayton's office also issued subpoenas to journalists, raising issues of press freedom and security.

The Pentagon is moving to buy thousands of affordable cruise missiles, reaching agreements with Anduril, CoAspire, and Zone 5 Technologies. The U.S. Air Force plans to purchase up to 8,000 missiles annually, with costs around $218,000 each. Deliveries are set to begin in 2027 as part of the Family of Affordable Mass Missiles program, which aims to enhance the U.S. arsenal with cost-effective options.

The Pentagon is moving to buy thousands of affordable cruise missiles, reaching agreements with Anduril, CoAspire, and Zone 5 Technologies. The U.S. Air Force plans to purchase up to 8,000 missiles annually, with costs around $218,000 each, significantly lower than previous models. Deliveries are set to begin in 2027 as part of the Family of Affordable Mass Missiles program.

Gen. Chance Saltzman emphasized the military's role as a stabilizing force for democracy during his farewell address in London. He highlighted the importance of alliances amid political divisions and discussed the integration of space power into military operations. Saltzman confirmed expectations for initial capabilities in airborne moving target indication by 2028 and announced Lt. Gen. Doug Schiess as his successor.

The report critiques U.S. air strategy, asserting that while high-altitude operations succeeded, low-altitude efforts around the Strait of Hormuz were inadequate. It challenges the concept of 'air littoral' as a misleading framework and emphasizes the necessity for integrated military campaigns across all domains. The analysis highlights the importance of addressing both advanced airpower and low-cost threats in future operations.

The U.S. military is experiencing a critical shortage of artillery shells, with only 600,000 remaining for the Army and Marine Corps. This shortage follows the provision of over 3 million rounds to Ukraine and is exacerbated by production issues at the Mesquite, Texas facility, which has not produced a key component for two years. The Army's goal of 100,000 rounds per month by October 2025 is currently unattainable due to systemic failures in the defense industrial base.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth announced a new program for U.S. Armed Forces to screen troops aged 30 and older for testosterone deficiency, to be conducted annually as part of health assessments. Troops under 30 may also voluntarily participate. The initiative aims to ensure optimal health and operational readiness among service members, addressing concerns about declining testosterone levels with age. Lawmakers have shown interest in the military's protocols for managing low testosterone.

Russia's Iskander-M missile system is actively being utilized in Ukraine, demonstrating advanced capabilities against air defenses. The missile can carry nuclear payloads and employs tactics to evade interception. Continuous improvements have been made based on battlefield experience, and it can coordinate with drone swarms to enhance its effectiveness. The system poses a significant threat to NATO countries due to its range and capabilities.

The U.S. Army has partnered with Auriga Space to test an electromagnetic weapon system in California. This three-year Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) aims to explore the potential of electromagnetic accelerators as a cost-effective alternative to conventional missile interceptors. The system, named Hermes, is designed for rapid engagement against drone swarms, addressing current supply chain challenges in interceptor production.

The U.S. Army is set to award contracts for the Common Autonomous Multi-Domain Launcher (CAML) program in August 2023. Concurrently, the Army is negotiating with AeroVironment for the Enduring-High Energy Laser (E-HEL) program, aimed at countering drone threats. The CAML will replace the Typhon long-range launcher, and the Army seeks to acquire 20 E-HEL systems by 2026.

Ukrainian Unmanned Systems Forces damaged or disabled 116 Russian-linked vessels during a nine-day drone campaign in the Sea of Azov, with an additional wave targeting 20 more vessels. The operation focused on commercial and logistical vessels, aiming to disrupt Russia's military supply lines. This campaign reflects Ukraine's strategy of targeting infrastructure rather than direct military assets, utilizing inexpensive drones for sustained attacks.

Japan's Acquisition, Technology and Logistics Agency selected Quantum Systems to develop drone interception technology as part of its Counter-UAS Proof-of-Concept Program. This initiative reflects Japan's urgent need to counter drone threats from Russia, China, and North Korea, with a budget of approximately 277.3 billion yen allocated for unmanned systems capabilities this fiscal year. Quantum Systems is developing the Jäger interceptor drone and has plans to integrate counter-drone capabilities across multiple platforms.

The U.S. Air Force conducted a live-fire test of the YFQ-44A Collaborative Combat Aircraft, successfully firing an AIM-120 AMRAAM missile at a target over the Mojave Desert on October 31, 2025. This test marks a significant milestone in the development of unmanned fighter jets designed to operate alongside crewed aircraft. A human operator retained command throughout the engagement, ensuring that the decision to fire was not made autonomously.

On the 15th of the month, Ukraine and the EU signed a drone agreement in Kyiv, enhancing defense cooperation. This agreement aims to leverage Ukraine's drone production capabilities, with a goal of increasing annual output to 20 million drones. Concurrently, Russia is reportedly upgrading its drone technology to counter these developments.

U.S. military forces conducted airstrikes against Iranian military facilities, while Iran retaliated by attacking U.S. installations in Bahrain, Jordan, and Kuwait. President Trump threatened further military action unless Iran returns to negotiations. The situation has escalated with significant U.S. naval and air deployments in the region.

MBDA appointed Jean-Brice Dumont as its new CEO effective Nov. 1, 2023, succeeding Eric Béranger. The transition process will begin in October to ensure continuity. Under Béranger, MBDA nearly doubled its sales and order book, and European governments are urging the company to ramp up missile production in response to security challenges. Dumont, who has a strong background in aerospace and defense, aims to continue MBDA's transformation.

The Space Development Agency (SDA) is resuming the launch of 21 Tranche 1 Transport Layer satellites on a SpaceX Falcon 9 in Washington on Thursday. This follows a strategic pause to address technical issues with previously launched satellites. The SDA aims to establish a constellation of 158 satellites to enhance military satellite capabilities, despite facing challenges with software, hardware, and regulatory approvals.

The USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN 78) is undergoing a planned incremental availability (PIA) at Norfolk Naval Shipyard, Virginia, which will last 18 months due to extensive fire damage and sewage system failures. Approximately 4000 workers will conduct necessary repairs, including inspections and maintenance of various systems. This downtime is significant for the U.S. Navy's operational readiness during a critical period.