Analysis & Reports

The global arms trade has increased by 9.2% over the past five years, driven primarily by European demand, particularly in response to the threat from Russia. European countries now account for 33% of global arms imports, with significant contributions from the U.S. and Germany. Germany has emerged as the fourth largest arms exporter, with a substantial portion of its exports directed to Ukraine. Meanwhile, Russia's arms exports have sharply declined due to the ongoing conflict and international pressure.

China's People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) officially adopted the J-35A stealth fighter in late 2024, designed for air combat operations. In June 2025, Pakistan became the first overseas buyer of the J-35A, which features a twin-engine design and a combat radius of 750 miles. The J-35A is marketed to nations restricted from acquiring the U.S. F-35 fighter.

Two Iranian warships docked in Kochi, India, and Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, following the sinking of the Iris Dena by a U.S. submarine on March 4th, 2023. The Iranian Navy's vessels sought refuge after the incident, which raised concerns about the potential expansion of U.S.-Israeli military operations against Iran. Both India and Sri Lanka characterized their decisions to allow the ships to dock as humanitarian gestures.

Two Iranian warships docked in Kochi, India, and Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, following the sinking of the Iris Dena by a U.S. submarine on March 4th, 2023. The incident raised concerns about the expansion of U.S.-Israeli military operations against Iran beyond the Persian Gulf. Both India and Sri Lanka characterized their actions as humanitarian, while the U.S. emphasized its military capabilities in the region.

On March 4, three Australian submariners were aboard a U.S. Navy submarine that torpedoed an enemy combatant off Sri Lanka, marking a significant military action. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed their presence but emphasized that they did not engage in offensive actions against Iran. The incident raises questions about Australia's involvement in military operations amid the AUKUS alliance, which aims to enhance Australia's naval capabilities.

On March 4, three Australian submariners were aboard a U.S. Navy submarine that torpedoed an enemy combatant off Sri Lanka, marking a significant military action. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese confirmed their presence but emphasized that they did not engage in offensive actions against Iran. The incident raises political concerns regarding Australia's involvement in military operations linked to the AUKUS alliance.

The U.S. Navy sank the Iranian warship IRIS Dena with a torpedo in the Indian Ocean on March 4. Iran claims the vessel was unarmed and returning from a naval exercise, while the U.S. disputes this assertion. Following the attack, 32 sailors were rescued, and 87 bodies were recovered, intensifying tensions between the two nations regarding the incident.

The U.S. Navy sank the Iranian warship IRIS Dena with a torpedo in the Indian Ocean on March 4. Iran claims the vessel was unarmed and returning from a naval exercise, while the U.S. disputes this assertion. The Sri Lankan navy rescued 32 sailors and recovered 87 bodies from the incident, which has escalated tensions between the two nations.

The U.S. Marine Corps has decided to retain the M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle for its close combat formations, prioritizing its suitability for amphibious operations over the Army's M7 Next Generation Squad Weapon. This decision reflects the Marines' focus on weight and sustained fire capabilities. The Corps will continue to monitor the M7's development for potential future requirements.

Iran requested India to allow three of its naval ships to dock at Indian ports, which India approved on March 1, 2023. One ship docked at Kochi on March 4, 2023, and its crew is currently housed in Indian naval facilities. This request was made in the context of a recent incident involving an Iranian naval ship being attacked.

U.S. military veterans are experiencing significant mental health challenges, including PTSD and traumatic brain injuries, as highlighted by studies and expert opinions. The perception of stigma remains a major barrier to seeking care. President Trump has indicated that ground troops may be deployed in Iran, raising concerns about the mental health impacts of ongoing military engagements. The VA provides resources for veterans, but many still struggle to find peace after their service in Iraq and Afghanistan.

India's Ministry of Defence signed a $238 million contract with Russia on March 3, 2024, to procure ship-based vertical launch surface-to-air missiles for the Indian Navy's Shtil-1 air defense system. The deal will supply missiles for four frigates, enhancing their capability to counter aerial threats. This acquisition is part of India's broader strategy to modernize its naval forces and maintain a capable blue-water navy.

President Trump awarded the Medal of Honor to three soldiers on Monday for their acts of valor in World War II, Vietnam, and Afghanistan. Roddie Edmonds and Michael Ollis received the award posthumously, while Terry Richardson was recognized for his bravery during a reconnaissance mission. The ceremony highlights the sacrifices made by these service members in defense of their country.

A drone strike hit the Ras Tanura refinery in Saudi Arabia, causing a fire and prompting Aramco to halt operations. The facility, crucial for oil refining and exports, experienced significant disruption. Regional allies, including the U.S. and Gulf states, condemned the attack, emphasizing their right to self-defense under international law.

The U.S. Marine Corps has decided to retain the M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle instead of adopting the Army's M7 Next Generation Squad Weapon, citing reliability and doctrinal requirements. This decision reflects the Marine Corps' commitment to its unique operational needs and interoperability with coalition partners. The M7, developed by SIG Sauer, has faced scrutiny regarding its reliability and weight, leading to the Marine Corps' preference for the M27.

U.S. and Israeli forces launched strikes on Iran, prompting emergency meetings among European leaders on Saturday. French President Macron called for a U.N. Security Council meeting, while leaders from Germany and the U.K. discussed the escalating situation. The strikes have raised fears of a broader conflict, with various international leaders condemning the actions and calling for restraint and negotiations regarding Iran's nuclear program.

Pakistan denies that its fighter jet was shot down in Nangarhar Province, Afghanistan, on February 28, and refutes claims of a captured pilot. The Pakistani military reported no losses, and Afghanistan has not provided evidence to support its claims. Current videos circulating are from previous incidents.

India is focusing on integrating advanced Israeli drones, long-range missiles, and laser defense systems into its security infrastructure to create a multi-layered defense shield. Prime Minister Modi's visit to Israel aims to strengthen defense cooperation, with a memorandum of understanding expected to be signed. India is also developing a domestic multi-layer air defense system to protect against missile and drone threats by 2035.

On February 27, 2023, Pakistan's Defense Minister Khawaja Asif declared an 'open war' against Afghanistan amid escalating violence, including airstrikes on Kabul. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres urged both nations to cease hostilities and resolve their differences diplomatically, highlighting the severe humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, where nearly half the population requires aid. The situation has deteriorated from border skirmishes to significant military actions.

The Afghan government calls for a peaceful resolution to the conflict with Pakistan, emphasizing non-violent approaches. On February 27, Afghan forces conducted strikes on military targets in Pakistan, asserting their capability to respond decisively. The situation has drawn international concern, with Qatar proposing mediation and regional powers like Saudi Arabia and Iran showing interest in easing tensions.